Therefore, earthquakes are most frequent along the edges of the tectonic plates where one plate is moving relative to the adjoining plate. Understanding the causes and effects of earthquakeinduced landslide dams. This activity will enable you to identify some of the effects due to earthquakes. The san francisco earthquake of 1906 caused 90% of damage. You may choose to have students use a classroom text or a book that they are reading independently.
In addition to the ground movements, other surface effects include changes in the flow of groundwater, landslides, and mudflows. Unit 4 earthquake effects introduction in the last unit, we looked at the causes and characteristics of earthquakes. These forces bring about changes on the earth surface and physical features like mountains, plateaus and rift valleys are formed. Also the effects of strong ground motion make it very difficult to record. The report is intended to help students and others visualize what causes earthquake shaking and. Earthquake effects earthquake information dk find out. Earthquakes often cause dramatic changes at earths surface. Certain states are more prone to higher frequency of earthquakes, particularly california, hawaii, nevada, and washington. Eruptions on a caribbean island soufriere soo free ur. Causes and effects of earthquakes engineering essay. Fires, often associated with broken electrical and gas lines, is one of the common side effects of earthquakes. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities 7 the causes and types of earthquakes most earthquakes are caused by the movement of the earths tectonic plates. Earthquakes happen without warning and can happen at any time of year. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earths crust and cause the shaking that we feel.
Causes of earthquakes article about causes of earthquakes. In later sections of this course, we will take a closer look at evaluating a communitys safety. To complicate things water lines are broken and so there is no water to extinguish the fire. Mar 24, 2020 earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. Pdf landslide dams are potentially dangerous obstructions caused by river blocking slope failures that occur frequently in tectonically active. Since the shear and tear forces are always constant within the earths plate tectonics, earthquakes can occur at any time. The earthquakes waves make the ground move, shaking buildings and causing weaker structures to collapse. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities.
Now lets take a look at an earthquakes effects on the natural and built environments. The occurrence of three earthquakes in the western hemisphere within the space of nine months in 19061907, all of which were attended with disastrous effects upon human life and property, attracted as never before the attention of the world, and particularly. Knowing more about the effects of earthquakes helps us understand the mitigation steps that must be taken to protect a. Earthquakes can cause buildings to crumble and fall. To access more topics go to the geography notes page. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. First we need some basic information about earthquakes and their effects on the built environment. Almost every year, earthquakes are recorded in various parts of the world. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Earth was hot when it formed, and has been cooling ever since near the surface, for each km into earth, the temperature rises by about 30deg. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the earth. Quaking earth mountains of fire effects of earthquakes, volcanoes explains how volcanoes are formed, what causes them to erupt, and what happens during an eruption. The seismograph has a base that sets firmly in the ground, and a heavy weight that hangs free. An earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the earth s lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Click here to learn about the effects of earthquakes. Unit 3 earthquake causes and characteristics introduction in the last unit, we explored the historical importance and intent of executive order 12699. Power lines, and gas and oil pipes may be damaged or broken, which can result in explosions and fires.
Also investigates the causes and effects of earthquakes and how people live in the shadow of these constant threats. All key factors and illustrations surrounding the causes, effects, and solution will be explained in detail to provide a complete understanding of how earthquakes are formed. In this activity, students will build tsunami simulators and observe the causes and effects of tsunamis firsthand. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults but also by. Even the relatively freeflowing hawaiian basaltic lava moves slowly enough. First, one direct effect of earthquakes is ground shaking and landslides. Thousands of minor tremors often take place just because of these constant movements. One of the more interesting causes is the filling of new reservoirs after a dam has been constructed. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the. Most earthquakes are causally related to compressional or tensional stresses built up at the margins of the huge moving lithospheric plates that make up the earths surface see lithosphere lithosphere, brittle uppermost shell of the earth, broken into a number of tectonic plates. The impact of an earthquake can be measured by a seismometer. Pdf landslide dams are potentially dangerous obstructions caused by riverblocking slope failures that occur frequently in tectonically active. Earthquakes, the causes and effects presentation pdf available december 2018 with 265 reads how we measure reads. An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of.
Although the vast majority of earthquakes are due to tectonic effects, there are other causes. Earthquakes gandhinagar institute of technology presented by. The sudden shaking or rolling of the earths surface is called an earthquake. As a matter of fact most earthquakes occur as a series of quakes that are separated by periods of relative inactivity. The cause of the earthquake is not the weight of the water in the reservoir. Seismic waves s waves s stands for secondary these waves arrive second move with a sideto side motion.
An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. Aftershocks are caused when the crust around the displaced fault plane adjust to the effects of the main shock. Earthquakes can do significant damage to buildings, bridges, pipelines, railways, embankments, dams, and other structures. Earthquakes earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. Pdf understanding the causes and effects of earthquakeinduced. An earthquake cause several impacts on the natural. After devoting my time in this research, i clearly understand the concept of how earthquakes are formed and how they occur over the period of time. We are providing correct, sufficient and quality information in one pool. Strong ground motion during an earthquake can cause watersaturated. Causes, effects and geographical distribution of earthquakes.
Causes and effects of earthquakes, free essay sample. The disturbances inside the earth are called tectonic movements. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. Actually earthquakes occur daily around the world according to one estimate, about 8000 occur every year, but most of them are too mild to be noticeable. Earthquakes are caused by disturbances in the interior of the earth and other causes. Pdf earthquake is one of the most devastating natural calamities which. What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen. Causes and effects of earthquakes free download as powerpoint presentation. Causes and effects of earthquakes linkedin slideshare. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive mothernature disasters in the world.
Causes and effects of earthquakes earthquakes seismology. Geological survey general information product presents some of the new understanding gained and sci. Earthquake science explained is a series of short articles for students, teachers, and parents originally published as weekly features in the san francisco chronicle. Gas is set free as gas lines are broken and a spark will start bringing inferno. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the seismograph shakes too, but the hanging weight. An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the surface of the earth. Earthquake,causes,effects es ppt linkedin slideshare. Seismology studies the cause, frequency, type and size of earthquakes. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article. Pictures that were once hanging so beautifully on the wall smash to the ground exploding into glittery slivers of broken glass, roadways break apart, engulfing whatever was in its path, never to be seen again. Earthquake effects, ground shaking, liquefaction, fires. Time and time again earthquakes have caused massive damage and many, many casualties. Roads and railroad tracks may be destroyed, affecting communication and rescue attempts. Earthquakes are quite common and occur somewhere around the world every day.
Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismographs. Have students identify three causes and effects from another nonfiction text. Jan 17, 20 cause and effect of earthquakes the ground trembles, shakes and growls. To do this, print off and read the article and highlight or underline the text that refers to the effects. An earthquake also referred to as tremor or quake is the trembling that happens on the earths surface as a result of sudden energy release to the earth lithosphere, therefore, developing seismic waves. After you have finished reading the article, make a list of the highlighted effects. Earthquake simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. Earthquakes are the result of slowmoving processes that operate within earth. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities ga record. The damage of properties can lead to secondary effects such as fire, which is produced because of the rupture of natural gas mains and water lines. Definition, causes, measures and other details with diagram.
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